Acute viral hepatitis and other viral infections :
Hepatitis B:
Characterestics:
Hepatitis B Older name: Serum hepatitis
Virus type: DNA
Virus size: 42nm
Incubation period: 30 to 180 days Transmission : Parentral or body fluid
Vertical transmission to fetus: common
Serologic diagnosis: HBs Ag, HBs Ab, IgM, and IgG types HBe Ag, Ab, Hepatitis B virus DNA.
Maximum infectivity in : Prodromal stage or HBe Ag positive Carrier state: 5 -10%
Acute clinical forms: Asymtomatic to fulminant
Chronic clinical forms: Chronic persistent hepatitis , Chronic active hepatitis, Cirrhosis.
The incidence of the HBV carrier state among pregnant women is variable.
The incidence of HBV carriers is considerably higher in populations in which drug abuse is common place or with a high incidence of sexual promiscuity.
Evidence suggests that transmission of HBV to infants is common when mothers have acute infection in the third trimester or when they are chronic carriers of HBV infection and have positive results of serum tests for HBeAg or HBV DNA.
The risk of transmission is highest in mothers who are HBeAg - positive at the time of delivery.
In women with chronic hepatitis B infection, taking lamivudine before becoming pregnant and continuing to take it throughout the pregnancy has been reported to lower rates of transmission of the virus from mother to newborn.
Lower transmission rates have also been seen in pregnant women with a high viral DNA load.
The administration of hyperimmune globulin and HBV vaccine protects 90% to 95% of infants from HBV infection.
It is recommended that 0.5 ml, of HBIG be given at birth and that three doses of HBV vaccine be given beginning at birth.
Universal vaccination of all infants at birth for HBV is now the standard of care.
Vaccinations for all children previously not immunized is recommended as they enter puberty, in future generations, the specter of viral hepatitis B and its complications could be eliminated. Vaccine for pregnant women exposed to hepatitis B is safe.
Hepatitis B:
Characterestics:
Hepatitis B Older name: Serum hepatitis
Virus type: DNA
Virus size: 42nm
Incubation period: 30 to 180 days Transmission : Parentral or body fluid
Vertical transmission to fetus: common
Serologic diagnosis: HBs Ag, HBs Ab, IgM, and IgG types HBe Ag, Ab, Hepatitis B virus DNA.
Maximum infectivity in : Prodromal stage or HBe Ag positive Carrier state: 5 -10%
Acute clinical forms: Asymtomatic to fulminant
Chronic clinical forms: Chronic persistent hepatitis , Chronic active hepatitis, Cirrhosis.
The incidence of the HBV carrier state among pregnant women is variable.
The incidence of HBV carriers is considerably higher in populations in which drug abuse is common place or with a high incidence of sexual promiscuity.
Evidence suggests that transmission of HBV to infants is common when mothers have acute infection in the third trimester or when they are chronic carriers of HBV infection and have positive results of serum tests for HBeAg or HBV DNA.
The risk of transmission is highest in mothers who are HBeAg - positive at the time of delivery.
In women with chronic hepatitis B infection, taking lamivudine before becoming pregnant and continuing to take it throughout the pregnancy has been reported to lower rates of transmission of the virus from mother to newborn.
Lower transmission rates have also been seen in pregnant women with a high viral DNA load.
The administration of hyperimmune globulin and HBV vaccine protects 90% to 95% of infants from HBV infection.
It is recommended that 0.5 ml, of HBIG be given at birth and that three doses of HBV vaccine be given beginning at birth.
Universal vaccination of all infants at birth for HBV is now the standard of care.
Vaccinations for all children previously not immunized is recommended as they enter puberty, in future generations, the specter of viral hepatitis B and its complications could be eliminated. Vaccine for pregnant women exposed to hepatitis B is safe.
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