IUCDS - Copper releasing intra uterine contraceptive devices- part 2

Multiload Mark II :
It is the updated version of original multiload 375, developed in Netherlands, having 375 mm2 copper as the original ML-375.
But shorter, more flexible with less expulsion rate than original multiload  375.
Having three improvements than original multiload 375 : prevents IUD being pushed beyond the inserter, functions as a uterine sound and one handed expulsion action.
These innovations decrease the uterine perforation.
Life span of multiload mark II is 5 yrs.

GyneFix (Cu fix 390):
It is frameless IUD with Six 5mm copper sleeves and proximal end with a knot, which is pierced 1cm into the fundal myometrium of the uterus.

ICFD (Intra cervical fixing device): It is 4cm copper coated polyethylene frame with 5mm projection at the distal end anchored to the inner cervical wall with modified tenaculum.
It can be removed by sponge forceps but some difficulty in disengaging may occur.