Ovarian tumors - management of ovarian cysts, benign and borderline tumors

Management of ovarian cysts and tumors:
The management depends on the age of the patient, parity, nature of the tumour, desire to retain fertility and ovarian function.

Functional ovarian cyst:
Needs sometimes only observation. Sometimes size decreases with the usage of OCP(oral contraceptive pills).
Surgery may be needed in resistant cases.
If complications like torsion, rupture,chronic pelvic pain, non regression or increasing size occurs unilateral ovariotomy or cystectomy in young women and total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH) & bilateral salpingo oopherectomy(BSO) in perimenopausal women to be done.

 Benign ovarian tumour:
In case of benign tumors unilateral ovariotomy or cystectomy in young women can be done.
TAH & BSO(total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oopherectomy) to be done in perimenopausal women. Laparoscopic cystectomy or ovariotomy can also be done.

Pitfalls of laparoscopy:
Potential for spillage of cyst contents or disruption of malignancy.
Potential for incomplete removal of tumour.
Increased duration and cost.

Borderline ovarian tumour:
In case of borderline tumors TAH and BSO can be done.
Unilateral ovariotomy can be done. Patient needs follow up.