C. Vaginal sponges:
Currently two contraceptive sponges called protectaid and pharmatex are available primarily in Canada and Europe.
A third, today sponge, was introduced to the U.S. market in 1983, was removed in 1995, but in expected to return.
Fourth one called Avert, is on clinical trials for contraceptive efficacy.
All four types are manufactured in one size, allowing women to buy them over the counter without the help of a provider.
Common qualities are blocking the cervix, trapping sperm and releasing the spermicides.
Effective for many hours, same as long as 24 hrs, regardless of number of sexual intercourse during this period.
Being able to insert them hours in advance but should be left in place at least six hours after last intercourse.
But should not leave them in place beyond the maximum recommended time.
The 'pharmatex sponge', marketed in Europe contains 60 mg of spermicide benzalkanium chloride(BZK).
The 'today sponge', contains 1000mg of spermicide nonoxynol-9(N-9).
Though spermicides kill pathogens, they can irritate vaginal lining developing vaginal abrasions that could facilitate HIV transmission. The 'protectaid sponge', marketed in Canada, contains three spermicides N-9, BZK & sodium cholate in relatively small concentrations.
The 'Avert sponge' is expected to have 100mg of N-9. The protectaid and Avert sponges have the advantages of being wet.
Water is not needed before they are used.
Some studies are showing that using N-9 containing today sponge are less likely to have contracting chlamydial infection and gonorrhea.
But women using N-9 sponge developed genital ulcers important risk factor for HIV infection.
Effectiveness:
Failure rate of N-9 impregnated Today sponge is 17 %.
That is on average 14% for nulliparous and 27% for parous women.
For protectaid sponge it is 23 %for typical use.
Currently two contraceptive sponges called protectaid and pharmatex are available primarily in Canada and Europe.
A third, today sponge, was introduced to the U.S. market in 1983, was removed in 1995, but in expected to return.
Fourth one called Avert, is on clinical trials for contraceptive efficacy.
All four types are manufactured in one size, allowing women to buy them over the counter without the help of a provider.
Common qualities are blocking the cervix, trapping sperm and releasing the spermicides.
Effective for many hours, same as long as 24 hrs, regardless of number of sexual intercourse during this period.
Being able to insert them hours in advance but should be left in place at least six hours after last intercourse.
But should not leave them in place beyond the maximum recommended time.
The 'pharmatex sponge', marketed in Europe contains 60 mg of spermicide benzalkanium chloride(BZK).
The 'today sponge', contains 1000mg of spermicide nonoxynol-9(N-9).
Though spermicides kill pathogens, they can irritate vaginal lining developing vaginal abrasions that could facilitate HIV transmission. The 'protectaid sponge', marketed in Canada, contains three spermicides N-9, BZK & sodium cholate in relatively small concentrations.
The 'Avert sponge' is expected to have 100mg of N-9. The protectaid and Avert sponges have the advantages of being wet.
Water is not needed before they are used.
Some studies are showing that using N-9 containing today sponge are less likely to have contracting chlamydial infection and gonorrhea.
But women using N-9 sponge developed genital ulcers important risk factor for HIV infection.
Effectiveness:
Failure rate of N-9 impregnated Today sponge is 17 %.
That is on average 14% for nulliparous and 27% for parous women.
For protectaid sponge it is 23 %for typical use.
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